Glossary of Tort Law Terms
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- J -
Legal
Glossaries Index
Joint And Several Liability
Limits: The doctrine of joint and several liability is a
fairness rule, developed over centuries to protect injured
consumers. It applies when more than one defendant is found fully or
substantially responsible for causing an injury. For example, if one
wrongdoer is insolvent or cannot pay their share, the other
fully-responsible wrongdoers must pay the bill, to make sure the
innocent victim is fully compensated.
Judge: Government official
with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts. Other
judicial officers in the U.S. courts system are Supreme Court
justices.
Judgment: The official
decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and
claims of the parties to a suit.
Judgment Non Obstante Veredicto:
Known also as a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. A decision by
a trial judge to rule in favor of a losing party even though the
jury's verdict was in favor of the other side. Usually applied when
the facts or law do not support the jury's verdict.
Jurisdiction: (1) The legal
authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent
jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility
for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has
authority to decide cases.
Jurisprudence: The study of
law and the structure of the legal system.
Juror: A person who is on the
jury.
Jury Charge: The judge's
instructions to the jurors on the law that applies in a case and
definitions of the relevant legal concepts. These instructions may
be complex and are often pivotal in a jury's discussions.
Jury: Persons selected
according to law and sworn to inquire into and declare a verdict on
matters of fact.
Just Cause: A legitimate
reason. Often used in the employment context to refer to the reasons
why someone was fired.
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